Corrective jaw surgery, or orthognathic surgery, incorporates specialized procedures aimed at realigning the jaw and facial structure to improve function and aesthetics. Whether due to congenital issues, trauma, or developmental abnormalities, a misaligned jaw can lead to difficulty in chewing, speaking, and breathing. Jaw correction surgery can enhance both functionality and facial aesthetics, improving overall quality of life.
What is Corrective Jaw Surgery?
Specialized oral and maxillofacial surgeons perform corrective procedures to realign the jaws, which is typically indicated for individuals with:
- Severe underbite or overbite
- Facial asymmetry
- Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking
- Sleep apnea caused by jaw misalignment
- Chronic jaw pain or certain TMJ disorders
Otherwise termed orthognathic surgery, this often involves braces or aligners before and after the procedure to fine-tune the bite and ensure optimal alignment. In some cases, genioplasty (chin surgery) is performed alongside orthognathic procedures to optimize facial balance.
Types of Jaw Correction Surgery
There are several types of corrective surgery, each tailored to address specific jaw discrepancies. These include:
- Maxillary Osteotomy (Upper Jaw Surgery)
This procedure corrects issues with the upper jaw (maxilla), such as an overbite, crossbite, or open bite. It is performed by cutting the upper jaw and repositioning it to align properly with the lower jaw. The surgeon then secures the jaw with plates and screws.
- Mandibular Osteotomy (Lower Jaw Surgery)
This procedure corrects misalignment in the lower jaw (mandible), often for patients with underbites or excessive lower jaw protrusion. The surgeon moves the lower jaw forward or backward, improving the bite and facial balance.
- Double Jaw Surgery (Bimaxillary Osteotomy)
In some cases, double jaw surgery is required to correct severe misalignment involving both the upper and lower jaws. This procedure is more complex but provides dramatic improvements in both function and aesthetics.
Orthofacial surgery, an emerging field, goes beyond traditional orthognathic surgery by integrating facial aesthetics with jaw correction, offering a more comprehensive solution for both function and appearance.
Considerations Before Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery
Jaw correction surgery is a significant undertaking, and careful planning is essential for a successful outcome. Here are some key considerations:
- Consultation and Diagnosis
A thorough assessment by an orthodontist and oral surgeon is essential. Utilizing advanced imaging techniques like 3D CT scans, surgeons develop precise surgical plans to ensure accurate jaw repositioning and optimal outcomes.
- Orthodontic Treatment
In most cases, patients require orthodontic treatment both before and after surgery. Braces align the teeth, preparing them for the jaw’s new position.
- Recovery Process
Initial recovery from jaw correction surgery typically takes 2-4 weeks, while full bone healing may take 3-6 months. Patients may experience swelling and discomfort and be advised a temporary liquid diet during the healing process.
- Benefits
Improved bite function, enhanced facial aesthetics, and relief from jaw pain are a few of the potential outcomes.
- Risks and Complications
Like any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery comes with potential risks, including infection, nerve damage, and changes in facial sensation. However, with proper planning and post-operative care, complications are rare.
Who is a Candidate?
Ideal candidates for orthognathic surgery are individuals with jaw discrepancies that cannot be corrected with orthodontics alone. They should be in good overall health and have completed facial growth.
Final Thoughts
Corrective jaw surgery encompassing an orthofacial approach can enhance both function and facial aesthetics, boosting overall self-confidence. Whether it is double jaw surgery, a mandibular or maxillary osteotomy, or a combination of procedures, the goal is to create a well-aligned, functional, and aesthetically pleasing jaw structure.
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